# Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective

*Argyris · Team Learning, Origins · Addison-Wesley · 1978 · Open access*

Foundational text on organisational learning, introducing single-loop learning (correcting errors within existing frameworks) and double-loop learning (questioning the frameworks themselves). Argued that defensive routines — the organisational equivalent of self-protection — are the primary barrier to genuine learning. The intellectual precursor to much of the PS field.

- **This page:** https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/argyris-schon-1978/
- **View the source paper:** https://archive.org/details/organizationalle00chri
- **Interactive map:** https://explore.psychsafety.com/?mode=papers&node=argyris-schon-1978

## Connected concepts (21)

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- [A Stupidity-Based Theory of Organizations](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/alvesson-spicer-2012.md) (paper)
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- [Coming to a New Awareness of Organizational Culture](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/schein-1984.md) (paper)
- [History of PS](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/the-history-of-psychological-safety.md)
- [Just Culture](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/just-culture.md)
- [Learning Teams](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/learning-teams.md)
- [The Collapse of Sensemaking in Organizations: The Mann Gulch Disaster](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/weick-1993-manngulch.md) (paper)
- [A Tale of Two Safeties](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/hollnagel-2012-tale.md) (paper)
- [Barriers to PS](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/barriers-to-psychological-safety.md)
- [How Can Organizations Learn Faster? The Problem of Entering the Green Room](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/schein-1992.md) (paper)
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- [Knowledge Transfer and International Joint Ventures: The Case of NUMMI and General Motors](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/inkpen-2008.md) (paper)
- [WAI vs WAD](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/psychological-safety-work-as-imagined-vs-work-as-done.md)
- [Retrospectives](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/the-power-of-retrospectives-in-building-psychological-safety.md)
