# Coping with Uncertainty: The Interaction of Psychological Safety and Authentic Leadership in their Effects on Defensive Decision Making

*Artinger · Voice & Silence · Journal of Business Research · 2025 · Open access*

Experimental scenario study with 315 managers showing that low PS combined with low authentic leadership significantly increases defensive decision making — choosing a personally safer option over the organisationally better one. Authentic leadership can offset a lack of PS, but adds nothing when PS is already present. Estimates forgone opportunities from defensive decisions at 10.8% of annual revenue.

- **This page:** https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/artinger-et-al-2025/
- **View the source paper:** https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_3635883_1/component/file_3635884/content?download=true
- **Interactive map:** https://explore.psychsafety.com/?mode=papers&node=artinger-et-al-2025

## Connected concepts (8)

- [Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/edmondson-1999.md) (paper)
- [Calculus of Voice](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/the-calculus-of-voice.md)
- [Psychological Safety: A Meta-Analytic Review and Extension](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/frazier-et-al-2017.md) (paper)
- [How We Respond](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/how-we-respond-matters.md)
- [Psychological Safety Comes of Age: Observed Themes in an Established Literature](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/edmondson-bransby-2023.md) (paper)
- [Barriers to PS](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/barriers-to-psychological-safety.md)
- [PS is Not the Goal](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/psychological-safety-is-not-the-goal.md)
- [Utility of PS](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/the-utility-of-psychological-safety.md)