# Silence That May Kill: When Aircrew Members Don't Speak Up and Why

*Bienefeld · Voice & Silence, Culture & Context · Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors · 2012 · Open access*

Survey of 1,751 cockpit and cabin crew members finding that silence occurred in half of all speaking-up episodes. Silence was highest for First Officers and pursers, driven by fears of damaging relationships, punishment, and operational pressure. Different occupational groups had distinct barriers — arguing for group-specific rather than generic CRM interventions.

- **This page:** https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/bienefeld-grote-2012/
- **View the source paper:** https://aviation-english.com/sayagain/pdfs/SilencethatmaykillBienefeld_Grote.pdf
- **Interactive map:** https://explore.psychsafety.com/?mode=papers&node=bienefeld-grote-2012

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