# Crew Resource Mgmt

*Tom Geraghty · Safety & Human Error, Interpersonal Practice*

Traces Crew Resource Management from its origins in the 1977 Tenerife disaster through its global adoption in aviation and spread to healthcare and maritime. Shows how CRM operationalised psychological safety decades before the term existed by directly addressing cockpit power gradients.

- **This page:** https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/crew-resource-management-and-psychological-safety/
- **Read the full article on psychsafety.com:** https://psychsafety.com/crew-resource-management-and-psychological-safety/
- **Interactive map:** https://explore.psychsafety.com/?node=crm

## Connected concepts (46)

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- [Independent Review on the Care Given to Mrs Elaine Bromiley](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/harmer-bromiley-2005.md) (paper)
- [Normalisation of Deviance (Challenger)](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/normalisation-of-deviance.md)
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- [The Tenerife Disaster](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/the-tenerife-disaster-of-1977-were-going.md)
- [The Vasa Disaster](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/the-vasa-disaster.md)
- [The Vulnerable System: An Analysis of the Tenerife Air Disaster](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/weick-1990.md) (paper)
- [Airline Pilots' Perceptions of and Experiences in Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/beaubien-baker-2002.md) (paper)
- [Collective Mind in Organizations: Heedful Interrelating on Flight Decks](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/weick-roberts-1993.md) (paper)
- [HOP](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/hop-human-and-organisational-performance-training.md)
- [How Did Crew Resource Management Take-Off Outside of the Cockpit? A Systematic Review of How CRM Training Is Conceptualised and Evaluated for Non-Pilots](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/havinga-et-al-2017.md) (paper)
- [Joint Problem-Solving Orientation in Fluid Cross-Boundary Teams](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/kerrissey-mayo-edmondson-2021.md) (paper)
- [Organisational Training](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/training.md)
- [Reducing Power Gradients](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/reducing-power-gradients.md)
- [Silence That May Kill: When Aircrew Members Don't Speak Up and Why](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/bienefeld-grote-2012.md) (paper)
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- [Leadership in Healthcare (CRM)](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/the-evolution-of-leadership-and-management-in-healthcare-lessons-from-aviation-and-crew-resource-management.md)
- [Paul O'Neill / Alcoa](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/paul-oneill-a-psychological-safety-success-story.md)
- [Plan Continuation Bias](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/plan-continuation-bias.md)
- [PS in Aviation](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/psychological-safety-aviation.md)
- [PS in Aviation (Special Edition)](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/psychological-safety-in-aviation-special-edition.md)
- [Psychological Safety 101 Course](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/psychological-safety-101-course.md)
- [Psychological Safety Books](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/psychological-safety-books.md)
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- [The Persistence of Safety Silence: How Flight Deck Microcultures Influence the Efficacy of Crew Resource Management](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/perkins-et-al-2022.md) (paper)
- [Drive, Dissent & Checklists](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/psychological-safety-70-drive-dissent-and-checklists.md)
- [PACE Assertiveness](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/pace-graded-assertiveness.md)
- [PS & Agile](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/psychological-safety-and-agile-teams.md)
- [Safety amid the Scalpels: Creating Psychological Safety in the Operating Room](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/cohen-et-al-2024.md) (paper)
- [Status and Cockpit Dynamics: A Review and Empirical Study](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/milanovich-driskell-stout-salas-1998.md) (paper)
- [Newsletter #129: CRM, Diversity of Thought, PSIRF](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/psychological-safety-129.md)