# Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams

*Edmondson · Origins, Voice & Silence, Team Learning, Measurement & Method · Administrative Science Quarterly · 1999 · Open access*

The landmark paper that operationalised psychological safety at team level. Introduced the shared belief definition, the 7-item survey scale, and the empirical link between PS and team learning behaviour. The paper the modern field is built on.

- **This page:** https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/edmondson-1999/
- **View the source paper:** https://web.mit.edu/curhan/www/docs/Articles/15341_Readings/Group_Performance/Edmondson%20Psychological%20safety.pdf
- **Interactive map:** https://explore.psychsafety.com/?mode=papers&node=edmondson-1999

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