# From Safety-I to Safety-II: A White Paper

*Hollnagel · Safety & Error · University of Southern Denmark / University of Florida / Macquarie University · 2015 · Open access*

The canonical white paper articulating the Safety-I to Safety-II transition. Safety-I defines safety as minimising things that go wrong; Safety-II reframes it as maximising things that go right. Humans are recast from liability to resource. Argues that in complex adaptive systems, performance variability is the source of both failure and success — and safety management must attend to both.

- **This page:** https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/hollnagel-wears-braithwaite-2015/
- **View the source paper:** https://www.qpsolutions.vn/cgi-bin/Document/Safety%20II%20WhitePaper.pdf
- **Interactive map:** https://explore.psychsafety.com/?mode=papers&node=hollnagel-wears-braithwaite-2015

## Connected concepts (28)

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