# Developing and Maintaining Trust in Work Relationships

*Lewicki · Trust & Interpersonal · Trust in Organizations (Sage) · 1996*

A developmental model of trust in work relationships proposing three stages: calculus-based trust (grounded in deterrence and rational calculation of costs and benefits), knowledge-based trust (built through repeated interaction and growing predictability), and identification-based trust (rooted in shared values and mutual understanding). The model treats trust not as a fixed trait but as something that develops, deepens and can regress through relationship stages. Also addresses how trust is maintained and repaired when violated, connecting to later work on psychological safety and relational repair.

- **This page:** https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/lewicki-bunker-1996/
- **View the source paper:** https://psychsafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/LEWICKIBUNKER96.pdf
- **Interactive map:** https://explore.psychsafety.com/?mode=papers&node=lewicki-bunker-1996

## Connected concepts (9)

- [An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/mayer-davis-schoorman-1995.md) (paper)
- [PS & Trust](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/the-difference-between-trust-and-psychological-safety.md)
- [Affect- and Cognition-Based Trust as Foundations for Interpersonal Cooperation in Organizations](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/mcallister-1995.md) (paper)
- [Not So Different After All: A Cross-Discipline View of Trust](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/rousseau-sitkin-burt-camerer-1998.md) (paper)
- [Forced Vulnerability: A Dangerous Approach](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/boettcher-et-al-2024.md) (paper)
- [High & Low Context Communication](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/reading-the-air-high-and-low-context-communication-in-teams.md)
- [The Role of Trust in Organizational Settings](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/dirks-ferrin-2001.md) (paper)
- [Betrayal of Trust in Organizations](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/elangovan-shapiro-1998.md) (paper)
- [Contracting & Recontracting](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/contracting-and-recontracting.md)