# Psychological Antecedents of Promotive and Prohibitive Voice: A Two-Wave Examination

*Liang · Voice & Silence · Academy of Management Journal · 2012 · Paywalled*

Developed the influential promotive/prohibitive voice distinction — promotive voice advocates for improvements, prohibitive voice raises concerns about harmful practices. Showed these have different antecedents and consequences. The five-item scale is one of the most widely used individual-level PS measures.

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- **View the source paper:** https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0176
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