# Status and Cockpit Dynamics: A Review and Empirical Study

*Milanovich · Voice & Silence, Power & Equity · Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice · 1998 · Open access*

A review and empirical study of how status shapes communication and decision-making in the cockpit. Inexperienced pilots, shown two crew members described in identical terms, still expected the captain to be the more skilled — evidence that belief in another's superior expertise can discount one's own judgement before a challenge is even formed. A useful empirical anchor for how cognitive trust in expertise steepens the authority gradient that psychological safety must work against.

- **This page:** https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/milanovich-driskell-stout-salas-1998/
- **View the source paper:** https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11804719_Status_and_cockpit_dynamics_A_review_and_empirical_study
- **Interactive map:** https://explore.psychsafety.com/?mode=papers&node=milanovich-driskell-stout-salas-1998

## Connected concepts (8)

- [PS & Trust](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/the-difference-between-trust-and-psychological-safety.md)
- [Crew Resource Mgmt](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/crew-resource-management-and-psychological-safety.md)
- [The Tenerife Disaster](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/the-tenerife-disaster-of-1977-were-going.md)
- [Silence That May Kill: When Aircrew Members Don't Speak Up and Why](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/bienefeld-grote-2012.md) (paper)
- [Cultural Diversity and Crew Communication](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/fischer-orasanu-1999.md) (paper)
- [Hierarchy in the Cockpit: How Captains Influence the Decision-Making of Young and Inexperienced First Officers](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/fabre-et-al-2022.md) (paper)
- [Shared Leadership in Multiteam Systems: How Cockpit and Cabin Crews Lead Each Other to Safety](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/bienefeld-grote-2014.md) (paper)
- [The HiPPO](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/the-hippo.md)