# History of PS

*Tom Geraghty · History & Foundations*

Full genealogy of psychological safety from Rogers 1954 through Schein and Bennis, Kahn, Edmondson, and Project Aristotle to ISO 45003. Shows the concept's roots in humanistic psychology and its gradual migration into organisational dynamics.

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- **Interactive map:** https://explore.psychsafety.com/?node=history

## Connected concepts (31)

- [Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/kahn-1990.md) (paper)
- [Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/edmondson-1999.md) (paper)
- [Towards a Theory of Creativity](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/rogers-1954.md) (paper)
- [What is PS?](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/about-psychological-safety.md)
- [Who Gets to Decide if PS Matters?](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/who-gets-to-decide-if-psychological-safety-matters.md)
- [Managing the Risk of Learning: Psychological Safety in Work Teams](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/edmondson-2002.md) (paper)
- [Personal and Organizational Change Through Group Methods: The Laboratory Approach](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/schein-bennis-1965.md) (paper)
- [Psychological Safety Comes of Age: Observed Themes in an Established Literature](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/edmondson-bransby-2023.md) (paper)
- [Psychological Safety: A Systematic Review of the Literature](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/newman-donohue-eva-2017.md) (paper)
- [Psychological Safety: The History, Renaissance, and Future of an Interpersonal Construct](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/edmondson-lei-2014.md) (paper)
- [A game of adoption – but playing by whose rules?](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/busch-curseu-neessen-2026.md) (paper)
- [Coming to a New Awareness of Organizational Culture](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/schein-1984.md) (paper)
- [Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/argyris-schon-1978.md) (paper)
- [Why Foster PS?](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/why-do-people-foster-psychological-safety.md)
- [Can You See The Cat?](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/can-you-see-the-cat.md)
- [Definition of PS](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/the-definition-of-psychological-safety.md)
- [How Can Organizations Learn Faster? The Problem of Entering the Green Room](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/schein-1992.md) (paper)
- [Project Aristotle](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/googles-project-aristotle.md)
- [Psychological Safety: A Timeline](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/psychological-safety-a-timeline.md)
- [The First Org Chart](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/the-first-organisational-chart.md)
- [Man, The Unknown](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/man-the-unknown.md)
- [PS at Work Overview](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/psychological-safety-51-psychological-safety-at-work.md)
- [Reflections Pt 1: The Power of Naming](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/reflections-on-psychological-safety-five-years-of-learning.md)
- [Sociotechnical Theory](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/sociotechnical-theory.md)
- [State of PS](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/the-state-of-psychological-safety.md)
- [Newsletter #150: A Milestone](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/issue-150.md)
- [PS Greatest Hits](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/psychological-safety-50-the-greatest-hits.md)
- [PS in the Ancient World](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/psychological-safety-and-the-ancient-world.md)
- [PS Top 7](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/psychological-safety-92-the-top-7.md)
- [Psychological Safety in 2023: Unwrapped](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/psychological-safety-in-2023-unwrapped.md)
- [Newsletter: First Edition](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/psychological-safety-newsletter-first-edition.md)