# Helping and Voice Extra-Role Behaviors: Evidence of Construct and Predictive Validity

*Van Dyne · Voice & Silence · Academy of Management Journal · 1998 · Paywalled*

Established voice as a distinct extra-role behaviour — constructive, change-oriented communication intended to improve the situation — separate from helping and from in-role performance. Provides construct and predictive validity evidence distinguishing voice from compliance and from exit. Foundational for the entire organisational voice literature that the PS field draws on: when researchers ask whether PS predicts voice, it is this construct they are measuring. The distinction between voice as discretionary and voice as risky is implicit here and becomes explicit in later work by Detert, Burris, and Edmondson.

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- **View the source paper:** https://www.jstor.org/stable/256902
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## Connected concepts (11)

- [Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/edmondson-1999.md) (paper)
- [Calculus of Voice](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/the-calculus-of-voice.md)
- [Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/hirschman-1970.md) (paper)
- [Leadership Behavior and Employee Voice: Is the Door Really Open?](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/detert-burris-2007.md) (paper)
- [Organizational Silence: A Barrier to Change and Development in a Pluralistic World](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/morrison-milliken-2000.md) (paper)
- [Speaking Up and Speaking Out: The Leadership Dynamics of Voice in Organizations](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/ashford-sutcliffe-christianson-2009.md) (paper)
- [The Social Consequences of Voice: An Examination of Voice Type and Gender on Status and Subsequent Leader Emergence](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/mcclean-et-al-2018.md) (paper)
- [Quitting Before Leaving: The Mediating Effects of Psychological Attachment and Detachment on Voice](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/burris-detert-chiaburu-2008.md) (paper)
- [Silence in Organizations and Psychological Safety: A Literature Review](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/pacheco-et-al-2015.md) (paper)
- [Barriers to PS](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/barriers-to-psychological-safety.md)
- [Types of Silence](https://explore.psychsafety.com/n/types-of-silence.md)