Understanding Social Inequalities in Health

Marmot · Power & Equity · Perspectives in Biology and Medicine · 2003 · Paywalled

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Reviews the evidence for the social gradient in health — the finding that health and mortality worsen with every step down the social hierarchy, not just at the poverty threshold. Draws on the Whitehall studies to show that relative position, control, and social participation shape health outcomes independently of absolute deprivation. Argues that early life experiences and social environment are central to causality, with implications for policy far beyond healthcare.

Marmot, M.G. (2003) 'Understanding social inequalities in health', Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 46(3 Suppl), pp. S9–S23.

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