From Safety-I to Safety-II: A White Paper

Hollnagel, Wears & Braithwaite · Safety & Error · University of Southern Denmark / University of Florida / Macquarie University · 2015 · Open access

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The canonical white paper articulating the Safety-I to Safety-II transition. Safety-I defines safety as minimising things that go wrong; Safety-II reframes it as maximising things that go right. Humans are recast from liability to resource. Argues that in complex adaptive systems, performance variability is the source of both failure and success — and safety management must attend to both.

Hollnagel, E., Wears, R.L. and Braithwaite, J. (2015) From Safety-I to Safety-II: A White Paper. The Resilient Health Care Net. University of Southern Denmark, University of Florida and Macquarie University.

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